Non-invasive monitoring of brain oxygen metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass by near-infrared spectrophotometry.

Non-invasive monitoring of brain temperature by near-infrared spectroscopy

Optical techniques are promising methods for measuring tissue temperature noninvasively due to the transparency of tissue to near infrared-light and the temperature dependent light-absorbing properties of endogenous absorbers, particularly water. Besides being noninvasive, the instruments are compact and portable, permitting bedside monitoring.

Towards Non-Invasive Bedside Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism in Brain-Injured Patients with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Monitoring the injured brain to detect and treat harmful events that can cause secondary injury during the acute recovery period is a central part of neurointensive care. The most basic monitoring tool is the neurological examination, such as the Glasgow Coma Score; however, a large component of this scale involves verbal communication and braininjured patents are often comatose, mechanically v...

Non-invasive Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism in Neonates during Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Feasibility and Clinical Implications

The neonatal brain is extremely vulnerable to injury during periods of hypoxia and/or ischemia. Risk of brain injury is increased during neonatal cardiac surgery, where pre-existing hemodynamic instability and metabolic abnormalities are combined with long periods of low cerebral blood flow and/or circulatory arrest. Our understanding of events associated with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia during c...

Heparin monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Three procedures have been compared for monitoring heparin in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: (1) activated clotting time (ACT) (2) protamine titration, and (3) fluorometric substrate assay. The ACT monitors the degree of anticoagulation. It is easy to perform and is relatively inexpensive, however, it does not correlate well with heparin levels and may not accurately predict the pr...

Portable Refrigerant Identification by Near Infrared Spectrophotometry